Environment

Mumbai's M/East Ward, a sprawling peripheral area including Mankhurd, Govandi, Deonar, Trombay and Chembur, embodies a tale of two cities. It is a vital economic engine, home to major industrial facilities such as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Tata Power, RCF and HPCL. At the same time, it lies on the city's fringe where its unseen have been pushed over decades, from the mountains of waste at the Deonar landfill to the marginalised communities resettled in its cramped colonies. Our study on the impact of rising urban temperatures reveals just how this deep-seated inequality is baked into the very…

They form the backbone of the country's seafood export industry, worth over ₹60,000 crore. However, Chennai’s coastal communities, especially fisherwomen, remain mostly invisible in policy and pay. Enduring punishing 15-hour days under sweltering heat, they clean, dry, and sell fish for just ₹200 to ₹300 a day. They work on blistering concrete without shade, toilets, or access to safe drinking water. Prolonged exposure to these conditions puts them at risk of sunburn, dehydration, dizziness, eye damage, and kidney issues. These health problems remain largely unaddressed. At sea, rising water temperatures and pollution continue to push fish further offshore. This forces…

Just a few metres away from the congested traffic bottleneck on Mount Poonamallee Road, near Sri Ramachandra University in Porur, lies Chennai’s first wetland sponge park, named Dr MS Swaminathan Wetland Eco Park. Unlike most parks in Chennai, this one stands out for striking a balance between ecological restoration and community use. Dr MS Swaminathan Wetland Eco Park, Chennai's first sponge park. Pic: Shobana Radhakrishnan What was once a marshy plot of land became a dumping ground and parking lot over the years. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), along with the Sponge Collaborative, has converted this 16.63-acre site, part…

As Indian cities expand at an unprecedented pace, the consequences of rapid urbanisation are becoming increasingly visible: frequent flooding, water scarcity, heat stress, and the loss of natural ecosystems. Once-porous landscapes are now sealed with concrete, leaving rainwater with nowhere to go but into overburdened drainage systems. Even moderate rainfall events can now bring cities to a standstill. In this context, nature-based solutions, such as sponge parks, offer a timely and practical response to India’s urban challenges.  What is a sponge park? Sponge parks are engineered wetlands designed to absorb, store, filter and slowly release rainwater, mimicking the functions of…

The recent warnings from BBMP to citizen-led lake groups against raising public funds for lake maintenance have raised several important questions. The Palike has also sent a notice to one of the groups, the Puttenahalli Neighbourhood Lake Improvement Trust (PNLIT), to stop maintenance works around the lake. In response, PNLIT, incidentally the first citizen group in Bengaluru to formally maintain a lake, announced their withdrawal from all maintenance activities at Puttenahalli lake in JP Nagar.  In the absence of BBMP support, lake groups had anyway been struggling to continue their work over the past five years. Now, as these groups…

Bengaluru’s first-ever Climate Action and Resilience Plan (BCAP) was launched on November 27th, 2023. The main objectives of BCAP are to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the city and to build adaptation and resilience against climate change hazards collaboratively, leading to inclusive outcomes for Bengaluru’s citizens. To achieve these objectives, BCAP has formulated short-, medium- and long-term strategies and actions in seven key sectors in consultation with all relevant stakeholder agencies.  Here is a critical look at the progress of BCAP since its inception.   Undoubtedly, BCAP is a very well-conceived, comprehensive and ambitious initiative. It sets clear goals, targets, and…

On June 10, 2025, the Union Government announced plans to regulate air conditioner (AC) temperature settings to a range of 20–28°C. The initiative aims to cut electricity use and promote energy conservation. It's a crucial move, considering cooling systems account for 10% of India's energy demand. While critics argue the move restricts individual thermal comfort, experts believe such regulations are long overdue. Currently, AC manufacturers offer temperatures ranging from 16 to 30 °C. The science behind temperature regulation So, why is it imperative to regulate AC temperatures and minimise AC use? “The lower you set your AC temperature, the more…

On June 28th, Puttenahalli Neighbourhood Lake Improvement Trust (PNLIT), the first citizens' collective in Bengaluru to formally maintain a lake, celebrated its 15th anniversary. Puttenahalli lake, also called Puttakere because of its relatively small size, was waste-ridden and nearly dry in the 2000s. In 2008, Usha Rajagopalan, writer and resident of an apartment near the lake, launched a campaign to revive it. Other interested residents in the area soon joined in, and they formally registered themselves as PNLIT. Their first major success came in 2010 when BBMP started reviving the lake in response to their campaign. The next year, PNLIT…

Nestled within the sprawling 350-acre built-up township of Hiranandani Estate lies a 2.46-hectare (approximately six acres) gem. The Kavesar Lake, the last remaining “natural” wetland in Thane, is an ancient freshwater body formed naturally due to surface undulations and lies near a saltwater creek.   A single visit to Kavesar Lake is enough to leave one mesmerised by its natural beauty, biodiversity and inexplicable positive energy which soothes the body, calms the mind and uplifts the soul. The villagers who have lived in its vicinity for generations have revered the Kavesar Lake habitat as a ‘Devrai’ (sacred grove). The lake is…

In the informal settlement of Seemapuri in Delhi, Rihanna sees her mother leave for work early every morning, come back around noon to make and serve food for the family, and then go back to work till 4 pm. “My mother is a waste segregator,” explains Rihanna, and this is her daily routine, come rain, hail or the gruelling sun of a Delhi summer. Many women in Seemapuri are engaged in waste work and have a similar routine.  Settlements such as Seemapuri often lack essentials such as water, electricity, and proper sewerage systems. Inside homes, the kitchen is typically the…