GENRE: Explainers

Mumbai's P/North Ward is a climate paradox. On a map, it looks green, boasting significant cover from the Sanjay Gandhi National Park to the east and vital mangroves to the west. Yet, the reality on the ground for its nearly one million residents is one of scorching heat. The surfaces people walk and live on have heated dramatically, with land surface temperatures soaring by over 5°C in much of this ward between 2015 and 2024. The reason is a familiar story of urban expansion: rapid, unplanned growth has replaced cooling ecosystems with a dense fabric of concrete, tin, and asphalt,…

Waking up to the sound of waves crashing against the shore and enjoying a panoramic view of the sea from your high-rise balcony. It's the kind of lifestyle promoted by real estate brochures, luring home buyers with properties steps away from the beach. But what about the impact of indiscriminate development along the coastline? Coastal areas are delicate ecosystems that bear the brunt of unchecked urban expansion. This development often comes at the cost of mangroves, sand dunes and delicate marine habitats. Recognising this looming threat, the Government of India introduced the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) guidelines. These are specifically…

Mumbai's M/East Ward, a sprawling peripheral area including Mankhurd, Govandi, Deonar, Trombay and Chembur, embodies a tale of two cities. It is a vital economic engine, home to major industrial facilities such as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Tata Power, RCF and HPCL. At the same time, it lies on the city's fringe where its unseen have been pushed over decades, from the mountains of waste at the Deonar landfill to the marginalised communities resettled in its cramped colonies. Our study on the impact of rising urban temperatures reveals just how this deep-seated inequality is baked into the very…

As Indian cities expand at an unprecedented pace, the consequences of rapid urbanisation are becoming increasingly visible: frequent flooding, water scarcity, heat stress, and the loss of natural ecosystems. Once-porous landscapes are now sealed with concrete, leaving rainwater with nowhere to go but into overburdened drainage systems. Even moderate rainfall events can now bring cities to a standstill. In this context, nature-based solutions, such as sponge parks, offer a timely and practical response to India’s urban challenges.  What is a sponge park? Sponge parks are engineered wetlands designed to absorb, store, filter and slowly release rainwater, mimicking the functions of…

On June 10, 2025, the Union Government announced plans to regulate air conditioner (AC) temperature settings to a range of 20–28°C. The initiative aims to cut electricity use and promote energy conservation. It's a crucial move, considering cooling systems account for 10% of India's energy demand. While critics argue the move restricts individual thermal comfort, experts believe such regulations are long overdue. Currently, AC manufacturers offer temperatures ranging from 16 to 30 °C. The science behind temperature regulation So, why is it imperative to regulate AC temperatures and minimise AC use? “The lower you set your AC temperature, the more…

Every year, rains brings chaos in Mumbai. The Mumbai monsoon exposes the city and its residents to many hazards, from tree falls and flooded streets to electrical risks and public health threats. In this quick 2-minute explainer, we break down what you can do to stay safe this rainy season, including: Whom to call for open manholes How to report waterlogging The app every Mumbaikar should have What to do during a power leak Where to find shelters, hospitals, and updates https://youtu.be/ko1Ogv5L5iQ Also read: Monsoon ready? A checklist for Mumbai residents and neighbourhood Mumbai floods once again. Will BMC's climate…

The World Bank recently approved a loan to the Government of Karnataka for projects in Bengaluru. The project is called “Karnataka Water Security and Resilience Program” and is financed under the instrument called “Program for Results” (PforR). You can find the main document as well as environment and social impact assessments in this dataset. In this explainer we will go into details of the project and what is expected to be covered. How much is the funding? The total project cost is expected to be USD 677.0 million or ₹5754.5 crore. This is more than a quarter of BBMP’s 2025-26 budget.…

A narrow walkway curves gently around the edge of Lower Ambalipura Lake in Haralur, flanked by fruit-bearing trees, herbs, and medicinal plants. Birds nest on the island at its centre, and the air carries only the sound of wind as it whispers through rustling leaves. What was once a weed-choked, sewage-contaminated water body is now a thriving urban lake, restored by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) in 2009 and diligently maintained since 2014 by Mahadevpura Parisara Samrakshane Mattu Abhivrudhi Samiti (MAPSAS), a citizens' trust. At the heart of its transformation is Seenappa, the resident gardener, who spends his days…

With rapid urbanisation and increasing strain on public water supply systems, especially in cities like Bengaluru and Chennai, sustainable water management has become essential. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is one of the simplest and most effective methods to address water scarcity, reduce urban flooding, and restore groundwater levels. This guide provides a clear overview of what RWH is, why it matters, how it works, and what it costs. What is RWH? Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) refers to the practice of collecting and storing rainwater for use or directing it into the ground to replenish groundwater. This can be achieved through two main…

Bengaluru’s floods keep getting worse each year. Even before the monsoons arrived, the city was already submerged this year, raising serious questions about mitigation measures. While the state government continues to toot horns about more construction projects, like elevated corridors, tunnels and flyovers, basic storm water drain (SWD) infrastructure remains inadequate and incomplete, leading to urban flooding. For 2024-25, the Karnataka government has allocated ₹2,000 crore to the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) under the ‘Karnataka Water Security and Disaster Resilience Initiative.’ In a press release dated May 17, 2025, BBMP had identified 209 flood-prone areas in Bengaluru, with mitigation…