Across Indian cities, women depend heavily on buses to get to work, school, healthcare, and to manage everyday caregiving. In recent years, several states have introduced women-specific bus fare subsidy schemes. Delhi, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu offer completely free rides for women in state-run buses, while Maharashtra offers 50% subsidy. Read more: Who benefits from the free bus for women scheme? These schemes have been both vilified as 'freebies' or touted as transformative solutions for women’s mobility. But do these schemes actually work? In 2025, the Sustainable Mobility Network commissioned a study to answer this very question. Beyond Free Rides…